Yoruba mythology: orishas, gods and spirits
43 spirits documented in the Kunda Codex
Yoruba mythology is one of the richest spiritual traditions of West Africa. Born in present-day Nigeria and Benin, it centres on Olodumare, the creator principle, and the orishas, divine intermediaries ruling nature and human life. Carried across the Atlantic, it gave rise to Cuban santería and Brazilian candomblé. Each entry below documents a spirit with its attributes, myths and sources.
SoulneutralABIKU
The Child Who Returns
Yoruba — Nigeria
Spirit of the Soul
SpiritallyOLÓDÙMARÈ (OLORUN)
Supreme principle, ase
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Creator Spirit
SpiritallyOBÀTÁLÁ
Creation of bodies, purity
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Creator Spirit
SpiritantagonistÈṢÙ (ESHU)
Messenger, crossroads, chance
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Trickster Spirit
SpiritallyÒGÚN
Iron, war, technology
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Warrior Spirit
FireallyṢÀNGÓ (SHANGO)
Thunder, royal justice
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Spirit of Fire
WaterallyÒṢUN (OSHUN)
River, love, wealth
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Spirit of the Waters
AirallyPAPA LEGBA
Crossroads, keys, language, roads / Legba
Vaudou / Santería / Yoruba — Haïti / Cuba / Yoruba
Creator Spirit
WaterallyYEMANJÁ (YEMAYÁ)
Mother of the seas, motherhood, protection
Candomblé / Santería / Yoruba — Brésil / Cuba
Spirit of the Waters
AirneutralEXU (ELEGGUÁ)
Doors, cunning, messages, beginnings
Candomblé / Santería / Yoruba — Brésil / Cuba
Spirit of the Air
FireallyOGOUN FERAY
War, iron, resistance, courage
Vaudou (Haïti) / Yoruba — Haïti / Yoruba
Warrior Spirit
WaterallyOXUM (OSHUN)
Fresh water, fertility, love, wealth
Candomblé / Yoruba — Nigéria / Brésil / Cuba
Spirit of the Waters
SoulallyORÚNMÌLÀ
God
Yoruba — Divination Ifá
Deity
EarthallyAJA
Goddess
Yoruba — Yoruba
Goddess
SpiritallyAJE
Goddess
Yoruba — Yoruba
Goddess
SpiritallyAMIRINI
Goddess
Yoruba — Yoruba
Goddess
SpiritallyBAYANNI
Hero
Yoruba — Yoruba
Hero Spirit
EarthneutralEGBERE
Spirit
Yoruba — Yoruba
Spirit
SoulneutralEHI
Spirit
Yoruba — Yoruba
Spirit
SpiritallyEJI OGBE
God
Yoruba — Yoruba
Deity
SpiritallyELEDA
God
Yoruba — Yoruba
Deity
SpiritneutralERE
Spirit
Yoruba — Yoruba
Spirit
EarthallyILE
Goddess
Yoruba — Yoruba
Goddess
FireallyJAKUTA
Orisha
Yoruba — Yoruba
Orisha
SpiritallyODUDUWA
God
Yoruba — Yoruba
Deity
EarthallyORISHAKO
God
Yoruba — Yoruba
Deity
SpiritallyORISHANLA
God
Yoruba — Yoruba
Deity
EarthallyORISHA OKO
Orisha
Yoruba — Yoruba
Orisha
FireallyORUN
God
Yoruba — Yoruba
Deity
SpiritallySOPONA
God
Yoruba — Yoruba
Deity
AirallyYANSAN
Orisha
Yoruba — Yoruba
Orisha
WaterallyYEMOJA
Orisha
Yoruba — Yoruba
Orisha
Sacred mask
OBA
Obá, First Wife of Shango
Yoruba — Nigéria
Spirit of the Waters
EarthneutralOSHOSI
Orisha of the hunt and the forests
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Hunter Spirit
EarthneutralOSANYIN
Orisha of plants and healing
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Healing Spirit
FireneutralAGANJU
Orisha of fire and volcanoes
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Spirit of Fire
WaterneutralOLOKUN
Orisha of the ocean depths
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Spirit of the Waters
WaterneutralOSUMARE
Serpent orisha of the rainbow
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Serpent Spirit
SoulneutralYEWA
Goddess of chastity and cemeteries
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Spirit of the Dead
EarthneutralIROKO
Spirit of the sacred tree
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Spirit of Nature
SoulneutralEGUNGUN
Masquerade of the ancestors
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Spirit of the Ancestors
SoulneutralORI
Spirit of destiny
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Spirit of Fate
WaterneutralLOGUN EDE
Spirit of beauty and the hunt
Yoruba — Nigéria / Bénin
Hunter Spirit