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Yoruba mythology: orishas, gods and spirits

43 spirits documented in the Kunda Codex

Yoruba mythology is one of the richest spiritual traditions of West Africa. Born in present-day Nigeria and Benin, it centres on Olodumare, the creator principle, and the orishas, divine intermediaries ruling nature and human life. Carried across the Atlantic, it gave rise to Cuban santería and Brazilian candomblé. Each entry below documents a spirit with its attributes, myths and sources.

ABIKUSoulneutral

ABIKU

The Child Who Returns

YorubaNigeria

Spirit of the Soul

OLÓDÙMARÈ (OLORUN)Spiritally

OLÓDÙMARÈ (OLORUN)

Supreme principle, ase

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Creator Spirit

OBÀTÁLÁSpiritally

OBÀTÁLÁ

Creation of bodies, purity

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Creator Spirit

ÈṢÙ (ESHU)Spiritantagonist

ÈṢÙ (ESHU)

Messenger, crossroads, chance

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Trickster Spirit

ÒGÚNSpiritally

ÒGÚN

Iron, war, technology

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Warrior Spirit

ṢÀNGÓ (SHANGO)Fireally

ṢÀNGÓ (SHANGO)

Thunder, royal justice

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Spirit of Fire

ÒṢUN (OSHUN)Waterally

ÒṢUN (OSHUN)

River, love, wealth

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Spirit of the Waters

PAPA LEGBAAirally

PAPA LEGBA

Crossroads, keys, language, roads / Legba

Vaudou / Santería / YorubaHaïti / Cuba / Yoruba

Creator Spirit

YEMANJÁ (YEMAYÁ)Waterally

YEMANJÁ (YEMAYÁ)

Mother of the seas, motherhood, protection

Candomblé / Santería / YorubaBrésil / Cuba

Spirit of the Waters

EXU (ELEGGUÁ)Airneutral

EXU (ELEGGUÁ)

Doors, cunning, messages, beginnings

Candomblé / Santería / YorubaBrésil / Cuba

Spirit of the Air

OGOUN FERAYFireally

OGOUN FERAY

War, iron, resistance, courage

Vaudou (Haïti) / YorubaHaïti / Yoruba

Warrior Spirit

OXUM (OSHUN)Waterally

OXUM (OSHUN)

Fresh water, fertility, love, wealth

Candomblé / YorubaNigéria / Brésil / Cuba

Spirit of the Waters

ORÚNMÌLÀSoulally

ORÚNMÌLÀ

God

YorubaDivination Ifá

Deity

AJAEarthally

AJA

Goddess

YorubaYoruba

Goddess

AJESpiritally

AJE

Goddess

YorubaYoruba

Goddess

AMIRINISpiritally

AMIRINI

Goddess

YorubaYoruba

Goddess

BAYANNISpiritally

BAYANNI

Hero

YorubaYoruba

Hero Spirit

EGBEREEarthneutral

EGBERE

Spirit

YorubaYoruba

Spirit

EHISoulneutral

EHI

Spirit

YorubaYoruba

Spirit

EJI OGBESpiritally

EJI OGBE

God

YorubaYoruba

Deity

ELEDASpiritally

ELEDA

God

YorubaYoruba

Deity

ERESpiritneutral

ERE

Spirit

YorubaYoruba

Spirit

ILEEarthally

ILE

Goddess

YorubaYoruba

Goddess

JAKUTAFireally

JAKUTA

Orisha

YorubaYoruba

Orisha

ODUDUWASpiritally

ODUDUWA

God

YorubaYoruba

Deity

ORISHAKOEarthally

ORISHAKO

God

YorubaYoruba

Deity

ORISHANLASpiritally

ORISHANLA

God

YorubaYoruba

Deity

ORISHA OKOEarthally

ORISHA OKO

Orisha

YorubaYoruba

Orisha

ORUNFireally

ORUN

God

YorubaYoruba

Deity

SOPONASpiritally

SOPONA

God

YorubaYoruba

Deity

YANSANAirally

YANSAN

Orisha

YorubaYoruba

Orisha

YEMOJAWaterally

YEMOJA

Orisha

YorubaYoruba

Orisha

🌊O

Sacred mask

Waterally

OBA

Obá, First Wife of Shango

YorubaNigéria

Spirit of the Waters

OSHOSIEarthneutral

OSHOSI

Orisha of the hunt and the forests

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Hunter Spirit

OSANYINEarthneutral

OSANYIN

Orisha of plants and healing

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Healing Spirit

AGANJUFireneutral

AGANJU

Orisha of fire and volcanoes

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Spirit of Fire

OLOKUNWaterneutral

OLOKUN

Orisha of the ocean depths

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Spirit of the Waters

OSUMAREWaterneutral

OSUMARE

Serpent orisha of the rainbow

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Serpent Spirit

YEWASoulneutral

YEWA

Goddess of chastity and cemeteries

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Spirit of the Dead

IROKOEarthneutral

IROKO

Spirit of the sacred tree

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Spirit of Nature

EGUNGUNSoulneutral

EGUNGUN

Masquerade of the ancestors

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Spirit of the Ancestors

ORISoulneutral

ORI

Spirit of destiny

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Spirit of Fate

LOGUN EDEWaterneutral

LOGUN EDE

Spirit of beauty and the hunt

YorubaNigéria / Bénin

Hunter Spirit