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Creole mythologies of the Caribbean and diasporas

25 spirits documented in the Kunda Codex

From Guadeloupe to Cuba, from Jamaica to Brazil, the African diasporas recreated their spiritual worlds in the crucible of the plantations. Yoruba, Kongo and Fon memories fused with creole life to create santería, candomblé, quimbanda, kumina and the rich bestiary of the French Antilles: the night-flying soukounyan, the dorlis, Manman Dlo. The entries below document them with sources.

BARON SAMDISpiritally

BARON SAMDI

Death, sex, laughter

Diaspora (Haïti)Haïti

Spirit of the Dead

ERZULIE FREDAWaterally

ERZULIE FREDA

Love, beauty, luxury

Diaspora (Haïti)Haïti

Spirit of the Waters

ERZULIE DANTORSpiritally

ERZULIE DANTOR

Maternal protection, wrath

Diaspora (Haïti)Haïti

Protective Spirit

AYIDA-WEDDOSpiritally

AYIDA-WEDDO

Rainbow, fertility / Ayida Wedo

Diaspora (Haïti)Haïti / Dahomey

Creator Spirit

AGWÉWaterally

AGWÉ

Sea, navigation

Diaspora (Haïti)Haïti

Spirit of the Waters

LA SIRÈNEWaterally

LA SIRÈNE

Waters, seduction, wealth

Diaspora (Haïti)Haïti

Spirit of the Waters

ELEGUÁSpiritally

ELEGUÁ

Crossroads, luck

Diaspora (Cuba)Cuba

Trickster Spirit

BABALÚ-AYÉSpiritally

BABALÚ-AYÉ

Disease, healing / Obaluayê

Santería / CandombléCuba

Healing Spirit

IBEJIWaterally

IBEJI

Twins, joy, protection

Diaspora (Cuba)Cuba / Nigéria

Spirit of the Waters

INLESpiritally

INLE

Medicine, fish

Diaspora (Cuba)Cuba

Healing Spirit

SOUCOUYANTSpiritally

SOUCOUYANT

Female vampire / Soucougnan

Diaspora (Caraïbes)Trinidad / Grenade

Ancestral Spirit

LUSCASpiritally

LUSCA

Sea monster

Diaspora (Caraïbes)Bahamas

Ancestral Spirit

LA DIABLESSESpiritally

LA DIABLESSE

Seduction, deceit

Diaspora (Caraïbes)Antilles francophones

Spirit of Love

PAPA BOISSpiritally

PAPA BOIS

Forest, nature

Diaspora (Caraïbes)Trinidad / Grenade

Spirit of the Forest

LAGAHOOSpiritally

LAGAHOO

Shapeshifting, werewolf

Diaspora (Caraïbes)Trinidad / Tobago

Shapeshifting Spirit

DUPPYSoulally

DUPPY

Ghost, wandering spirit

Diaspora (Caraïbes)Jamaïque / Barbade

Ancestral Spirit

MAMAN BRIGITTEFireally

MAMAN BRIGITTE

Purifying fire, justice, protection of graves

Vaudou (Haïti / Caraïbes)Haïti / Caraïbes

Spirit of Fire

OGUM BEIRA-MARWaterally

OGUM BEIRA-MAR

Sea, war, navigation

Candomblé (Brésil)Brésil

Spirit of the Waters

YEMANJÁ (YEMAYÁ)Waterally

YEMANJÁ (YEMAYÁ)

Mother of the seas, motherhood, protection

Candomblé / Santería / YorubaBrésil / Cuba

Spirit of the Waters

EXU (ELEGGUÁ)Airneutral

EXU (ELEGGUÁ)

Doors, cunning, messages, beginnings

Candomblé / Santería / YorubaBrésil / Cuba

Spirit of the Air

GUÉDÉ NIBOSoulneutral

GUÉDÉ NIBO

Death, youth, exuberance, spirit of the young dead

Vaudou (Haïti)Haïti

Spirit of the Dead

OGOUN FERAYFireally

OGOUN FERAY

War, iron, resistance, courage

Vaudou (Haïti) / YorubaHaïti / Yoruba

Warrior Spirit

POMBAGIRAFireneutral

POMBAGIRA

Seduction, vengeance, freedom, femininity

Quimbanda (Brésil)Brésil

Spirit of Fire

ESPRIT KUMINASoulally

ESPRIT KUMINA

Trance, music, possession, healing

Kumina (Jamaïque)Jamaïque (cults maroons)

Healing Spirit

NGANGASpiritally

NGANGA

Hero

Afrique/DiasporaAfrique/Diaspora

Hero Spirit