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Bambara, Dogon, Mossi and Sahel mythologies

33 spirits documented in the Kunda Codex

Along the Niger river and the Sahel, the Mande and Voltaic traditions conceived cosmogonies of dizzying depth. The Bambara tell of Faro, master of water and speech; the Dogon of Bandiagara transmit the Nommo myth; the Mossi honour Tenga, the earth of justice; the Serer of Senegal tell of the moonlit Yumboes. The entries below document these Sahel spirits with sources.

NYAWaterally

NYA

Nyalé — Guardian of the Waters

BambaraMali

Spirit of the Waters

TENGAEarthally

TENGA

Tengbiiga

MossiBurkina Faso

Spirit of the Earth

YAMBAAirneutral

YAMBA

Yamba-Kuru

BambaraMali

Spirit of the Wind

AMMASpiritally

AMMA

Cosmic creator

DogonMali

Creator Spirit

NOMMOWaterally

NOMMO

Water, speech, twinness

DogonMali

Spirit of the Waters

FAROWaterally

FARO

Water, speech, order

BambaraMali

Spirit of the Waters

CHIWARA (CI WARA)Spiritally

CHIWARA (CI WARA)

Agriculture, labour

BambaraMali

Spirit of the Earth

KONTRONSpiritally

KONTRON

Initiatory knowledge, ritual

BambaraMali

Spirit of Wisdom

ROOGSpiritally

ROOG

Supreme principle, creator

SererSénégal

Creator Spirit

KOOX (PANGOOL)Airally

KOOX (PANGOOL)

Intermediary spirits, ancestors

SererSénégal

Spirit of the Dead

TANO (ESPRIT DU FLEUVE)Waterally

TANO (ESPRIT DU FLEUVE)

Water, war, justice

Ouest africainGhana / Côte d’Ivoire

Spirit of the Waters

WENDESpiritally

WENDE

Supreme creator

MossiBurkina Faso

Creator Spirit

LEBESpiritally

LEBE

Fertility, rebirth

DogonMali

Spirit of the Earth

ALATANGANAEarthally

ALATANGANA

God

KonoKono

Deity

BEMBAAirally

BEMBA

God

BambaraBambara

Deity

DINGASoulally

DINGA

Hero

SénégalSénégal

Hero Spirit

DOWaterally

DO

God

Haute VoltaHaute Volta

Deity

DUMESpiritneutral

DUME

Demon

MaliMali

Demon Spirit

DYINYINGASpiritneutral

DYINYINGA

Spirit

MendeMende

Spirit

FARA MAKAEarthally

FARA MAKA

Hero

MaliMali

Hero Spirit

FATOUMASpiritally

FATOUMA

Hero

MaliMali

Hero Spirit

GARAKHESpiritally

GARAKHE

Hero

SénégalSénégal

Hero Spirit

GASSIRESpiritally

GASSIRE

Hero

SoninkéSoninké

Hero Spirit

LAGARRESpiritally

LAGARRE

Hero

Afrique de l'OuestAfrique de l'Ouest

Hero Spirit

MAHALBIYASpiritneutral

MAHALBIYA

Spirit

HausaHausa

Spirit

MAKERISpiritneutral

MAKERI

Spirit

HausaHausa

Spirit

NANDISpiritneutral

NANDI

Monster

Afrique OuestAfrique Ouest

Monstrous Spirit

NGEWOAirally

NGEWO

God

MendeMende

Deity

PEMBASpiritally

PEMBA

God

BambaraBambara

Deity

RAKOSpiritneutral

RAKO

Spirit

HausaHaoussa

Spirit

SASpiritally

SA

God

KonoKono

Deity

TAIKISpiritneutral

TAIKI

Spirit

HausaHausa

Spirit

YOSpiritally

YO

God

BambaraBambara

Deity