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East African mythologies: from the Great Lakes to the Nile

45 spirits documented in the Kunda Codex

From the Swahili coast to the Great Lakes kingdoms and the White Nile pastures, East Africa weaves a mosaic of traditions. Buganda tells of Kintu, the first man; the Dinka and Nuer think the world through Nhialic; Swahili imagination blends Bantu spirits with ocean djinns. The entries below document them with sources.

KATONDASpiritally

KATONDA

Supreme god, creator

Baganda, Ouganda

Creator Spirit

GGULUSpiritally

GGULU

Sky, supreme deity

Baganda, Ouganda

Creator Spirit

MUKASAWaterally

MUKASA

Waters, prosperity, fishing

Baganda, Ouganda (Lac Victoria)

Spirit of the Waters

KIBUKASpiritally

KIBUKA

War, protection

Baganda, Ouganda

Warrior Spirit

NHIALICSpiritally

NHIALIC

Sky, creator

Dinka, Soudan du Sud

Creator Spirit

ABUKSpiritally

ABUK

First woman, agriculture

Dinka, Soudan du Sud

Spirit of the Earth

WAAQ / NGAISpiritally

WAAQ / NGAI

Sky god, rain

Oromo / Kikuyu, Éthiopie / Kenya

Creator Spirit

SHIDASoulally

SHIDA

Misfortune, wandering spirit

Swahili, Tanzanie / Kenya

Ancestral Spirit

NYARAIWaterally

NYARAI

Justice, beauty

Afrique de l’Est, Kenya / Tanzanie

Spirit of the Waters

ADROAEarthally

ADROA

God

Lugbara, Lugbara

Deity

AJOKSpiritally

AJOK

God

Lotuko, Lotuko

Deity

CANDITWaterally

CANDIT

Goddess

Dinka, Dinka

Goddess

DENGWaterally

DENG

God

Nuer, Nuer

Deity

DIANGSpiritally

DIANG

Goddess

Shilluk, Shilluk

Goddess

DJOKSoulneutral

DJOK

Spirit

Alur, Alur

Spirit

DUNGUEarthally

DUNGU

God

Buganda, Buganda

Deity

EDEKESpiritally

EDEKE

God

Teso, Teso

Deity

GARANGSpiritally

GARANG

Hero

Dinka, Dinka

Hero Spirit

HABYARIMANASpiritally

HABYARIMANA

God

Banyarwanda, Banyarwanda

Deity

HIRASpiritneutral

HIRA

Monster

Shilluk, Shilluk

Monstrous Spirit

IBILISISpiritneutral

IBILISI

Demon

Swahili, Swahili

Demon Spirit

IMANASpiritally

IMANA

God

Banyarwanda, Banyarwanda

Deity

INTARESpiritally

INTARE

Hero

Burundi, Burundi

Hero Spirit

IRUVAFireally

IRUVA

God

Chaga/Meru, Chaga/Meru

Deity

JOKSpiritally

JOK

God

Alur, Alur

Deity

JUOKSpiritally

JUOK

God

Shilluk, Shilluk

Deity

KAIKARASpiritally

KAIKARA

Goddess

Bayoro, Bayoro

Goddess

LISASpiritally

LISA

God

Swahili, Swahili

Deity

LOMASpiritally

LOMA

God

Bongo, Bongo

Deity

LONGARSpiritneutral

LONGAR

Animal/Hero

Dinka, Dinka

Animal / Hero Spirit

LUBANGASpiritally

LUBANGA

God

Bunyoro, Bunyoro

Deity

MACARDITSoulally

MACARDIT

God

Dinka, Dinka

Deity

MAINASoulally

MAINA

Hero

Luyia, Luyia

Hero Spirit

MBALEEarthally

MBALE

God

Baganda, Baganda

Deity

MISEKEFireally

MISEKE

Hero

Banyarwanda, Banyarwanda

Hero Spirit

NDULI MTWAA ROHOSoulneutral

NDULI MTWAA ROHO

Spirit

Swahili, Swahili

Spirit

NGOMASpiritneutral

NGOMA

Spirit

Kiluyu, Kiluyu

Spirit

NYIKANGSpiritally

NYIKANG

Hero

Afrique de l'Est, Afrique de l'Est

Hero Spirit

RANGEarthally

RANG

God

Soudan, Soudan

Deity

RUHANGAEarthally

RUHANGA

God

Banyoro, Banyoro

Deity

RUWASpiritally

RUWA

God

Chagga, Chagga

Deity

RYANGOMBESoulally

RYANGOMBE

God

Rwanda, Rwanda

Deity

TAMIKUJENSpiritally

TAMIKUJEN

God

Didinga, Didinga

Deity

WELESpiritally

WELE

God

Abaluyia, Abaluyia

Deity

WERESpiritally

WERE

God

Luo, Luo

Deity