Amazigh and Tuareg mythology: spirits of the Sahara
12 spirits documented in the Kunda Codex
Long before Islam, the Amazigh peoples of North Africa honoured the sun, the moon (ayyur in Tamazight) and the spirits of places. Herodotus described the astral cults of the ancient Libyans; the Tuareg of the great desert still reckon with the Kel Essuf, spirits of solitude. The entries below document this North African matrix with sources.
SpiritallyANZAR
Rain, fecundity
Amazigh — Maroc / Algérie
Spirit of the Waters
WaterallyAÏCHA KANDISHA
Waters, seduction, vengeance
Amazigh — Maroc
Spirit of the Waters
WaterallyGURZIL
War, sacred bull
Amazigh — Libye
Spirit of the Waters
SpiritallyANIGOURAN
Knowledge, cunning, memory
Tuareg — Sahara
Spirit of Wisdom
SpiritallyTIN HINAN
Founding matriarch
Tuareg — Sahara
Ancestral Spirit
SpiritallyKAHINA
Resistance, prophecy
Afrique du Nord — Algérie / Tunisie
Spirit of Wisdom
EarthallyACHIMI
Hero
Kabyle — Kabyle
Hero Spirit
SpiritallyGARAMAS
Hero
Garamante — Garamante
Hero Spirit
SpiritallyIMAGHEGHAN
Hero
Tuareg — Touareg
Hero Spirit
WaterallyITHERTHER
God
Kabyle — Kabyle
Deity
SpiritneutralMAGHEGH
Djinn
Tuareg — Touareg
Djinn
SoulneutralAYYUR
Ayour (spelling of Book I), the Moon, the Spirit of the Night, brother of Aker
Amazigh — Afrique du Nord (Tamazgha)
Lunar Deity